Titanium Grade 5 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Heat Treatment
Titanium Grade 5 Chemical Titanium Grade 5, also known as Ti-6Al-4V or UNS R56400, is a high-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy used in aerospace, marine, chemical processing and demanding industrial engineering applications.
Its performance comes from a carefully controlled combination of aluminium, vanadium and titanium, supported by specific manufacturing and heat-treatment processes. These factors influence the alloy’s tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, hardness and overall engineering performance.
For buyers, manufacturers and engineers, understanding the chemical composition and mechanical properties of Titanium Grade 5 is essential when selecting the correct material for a component.
This guide explains the composition, mechanical characteristics, heat-treatment conditions and important material specifications of Ti-6Al-4V.
What Is Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)?
Titanium Grade 5 is an alpha-beta titanium alloy containing approximately 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium.
It is identified by the following designations:
- Material name: Titanium Grade 5
- Alloy designation: Ti-6Al-4V
- UNS number: R56400
- Common name: Ti-6-4
- European material designation: 3.7164 / 3.7165, depending on product specification
The alloy contains both alpha and beta phases. Aluminium stabilises the alpha phase, while vanadium stabilises the beta phase.
This combination allows manufacturers to develop different mechanical-property balances through controlled processing and heat treatment.
Titanium Grade 5 is available in product forms such as round bars, billets, plates, sheets, forgings and other forms, depending on the manufacturer and applicable standard.
Chemical Composition of Titanium Grade 5
Chemical composition is one of the most important factors determining the properties of Ti-6Al-4V.
The aluminium and vanadium content gives the alloy its characteristic alpha-beta structure. Interstitial elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen are also controlled because they influence strength, ductility and material performance.
Typical chemical composition
| Element | Typical specification limit (% by weight) |
|---|---|
| Aluminium (Al) | 5.50–6.75 |
| Vanadium (V) | 3.50–4.50 |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.40 maximum |
| Oxygen (O) | 0.20 maximum |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 maximum |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.05 maximum |
| Hydrogen (H) | 0.015 maximum |
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
These are commonly referenced Grade 5 composition limits. Individual standards may specify different limits for certain elements or product requirements. The exact purchase specification and revision must govern acceptance.
Why is aluminium important in Titanium Grade 5?
Aluminium acts as an alpha stabiliser.
Its contribution includes:
- Stabilising the alpha phase
- Contributing to alloy strength
- Influencing the alloy’s response to heat treatment
- Helping establish the required mechanical-property balance
Why is vanadium important?
Vanadium acts as a beta stabiliser.
It helps control the alpha-beta microstructure and contributes to the alloy’s response to thermal processing.
The combination of aluminium and vanadium is central to the properties that make Ti-6Al-4V useful in high-performance engineering.
Why are oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen controlled?
Interstitial elements can significantly influence titanium alloy properties.
- Oxygen: Can increase strength but may reduce ductility when present at excessive levels.
- Nitrogen: Must be controlled because excessive levels can affect ductility and toughness.
- Hydrogen: Excessive hydrogen can create embrittlement concerns.
- Carbon: Is controlled to maintain the required material properties.
This is why chemical analysis and material traceability are important when purchasing Titanium Grade 5.
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Grade 5
Titanium Grade 5 is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio.
Its mechanical properties depend on the product form, section size, heat treatment and applicable specification.
For reference, commonly published minimum room-temperature properties for annealed Ti-6Al-4V bar include:
| Mechanical property | Common reference value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 895 MPa minimum |
| 0.2% yield strength | 828 MPa minimum |
| Elongation | 10% minimum |
| Density | Approximately 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of elasticity | Approximately 114 GPa |
These values are representative, not universal guarantees. Some specifications, including aerospace specifications, impose different requirements depending on bar diameter, section size, orientation and material condition.
Always verify the actual guaranteed properties against the applicable standard and Material Test Certificate.
1. Tensile strength
Tensile strength is the maximum engineering stress a material withstands during a tensile test before fracture.
Titanium Grade 5 is selected for components requiring high tensile strength without the density of conventional steel alloys.
2. Yield strength
Yield strength indicates the stress at which permanent deformation begins under the specified test conditions.
It is important when designing shafts, fasteners, structural components and other parts subjected to mechanical loading.
3. Elongation
Elongation measures the material’s ability to deform plastically during a tensile test.
It is an important indicator of ductility. Engineers must consider elongation alongside strength when selecting a material condition.
4. Hardness
Hardness provides information about resistance to local indentation.
Titanium Grade 5 hardness depends on the supplied condition and processing route. Hardness values should be checked against the relevant manufacturer data and purchase specification rather than treated as fixed for every product.
5. Strength-to-weight ratio
Titanium Grade 5 combines high mechanical strength with a density of approximately 4.43 g/cm³.
This makes it useful for applications where weight reduction is important without compromising the required mechanical performance.
Physical Properties of Titanium Grade 5
The physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V are relevant to engineering design, machining and component selection.
| Physical property | Approximate value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of elasticity | 105–120 GPa |
| Thermal conductivity | Approximately 6–7 W/m·K near room temperature |
| Melting range | Approximately 1,538–1,649°C |
| Beta transus | Approximately 999°C, depending on composition |
Values are approximate and may vary with temperature, composition and material condition. Use manufacturer-specific data for engineering calculations.
Heat Treatment of Titanium Grade 5
Heat treatment is an important part of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V.
Depending on the required properties, the alloy can be supplied in annealed or solution-treated and aged conditions.
The selected treatment influences the microstructure and the balance between tensile strength, yield strength, ductility and toughness.
The exact heat-treatment cycle must follow the applicable material specification and manufacturer-approved procedure.
1. Annealing
Annealing is used to establish a suitable combination of strength, ductility and stability.
ATI’s technical datasheet describes a typical annealing range of approximately 691–760°C, with holding times and cooling conditions dependent on the treatment and material requirements.
Annealed Titanium Grade 5 is commonly used when a balanced mechanical-property condition is required.
2. Stress-relief annealing
Stress-relief treatment is used to reduce residual stresses introduced during machining, forming or fabrication.
ATI lists a typical stress-relief range of approximately 538–649°C, with a treatment duration of 1–8 hours depending on the procedure.
This treatment should be selected carefully because temperature and duration can influence the final properties.
3. Solution heat treatment
Solution heat treatment involves heating the alloy within a specified temperature range and then cooling it according to the approved procedure.
ATI lists a typical solution-treatment range of approximately 913–954°C followed by water quenching for its specified treatment route.
The exact temperature must be selected with reference to the alloy’s transformation characteristics and the applicable specification.
4. Ageing
Ageing is used after solution treatment to develop the required strength and microstructure.
ATI lists a typical ageing range of approximately 524–552°C for 4–8 hours, followed by air cooling in its published treatment schedule.
The actual result depends on section thickness, prior processing and quench conditions.
Important: These are manufacturer-published example treatment ranges, not universal instructions for every Titanium Grade 5 bar, plate or forging. A qualified heat-treatment procedure must account for the product form, dimensions, specification and intended properties.
Annealed vs Solution-Treated and Aged Titanium Grade 5
The supplied condition affects the mechanical properties and intended application of the alloy.
| Parameter | Annealed | Solution-treated and aged |
|---|---|---|
| Processing | Annealing treatment | Solution treatment followed by ageing |
| Strength | Specification-dependent | Can provide higher strength |
| Ductility | Generally balanced | Depends on treatment and section size |
| Application | General engineering and machined components | Selected higher-strength components |
| Selection | When annealed properties meet the design | When the required strength condition is specified |
The best condition is not necessarily the one with the highest tensile strength. Engineers must also evaluate ductility, toughness, fatigue requirements, section size and manufacturing operations.
How Heat Treatment Affects Titanium Grade 5 Microstructure
Titanium Grade 5 is an alpha-beta alloy.
Its microstructure changes depending on the temperature range, holding time, cooling rate and previous manufacturing history.
Alpha phase
The alpha phase contributes to the alloy’s strength and high-temperature characteristics.
Beta phase
The beta phase influences the alloy’s response to thermal processing and contributes to the resulting microstructure.
Why does microstructure matter?
Microstructure affects:
- Tensile and yield strength
- Ductility
- Fracture toughness
- Fatigue performance
- Machining behaviour
- Overall component performance
For demanding applications, the engineering specification may require microstructural examination in addition to chemical and mechanical testing.
Factors That Influence Titanium Grade 5 Mechanical Properties
The properties of Ti-6Al-4V are not determined by chemical composition alone.
Several manufacturing and processing factors influence the final material.
1. Product form
Bars, plates, sheets and forgings may have different property requirements.
2. Section size
Larger sections may experience different cooling rates during heat treatment, affecting the resulting properties.
3. Manufacturing route
Forging, rolling, machining and other processing operations can influence the microstructure.
4. Heat-treatment cycle
Temperature, holding time and cooling rate influence the final material condition.
5. Test orientation
Longitudinal and transverse mechanical test results may differ. The applicable specification determines the required sampling and testing direction.
6. Surface condition
Surface defects, contamination and finishing operations can influence component performance, particularly in fatigue-sensitive applications.
Titanium Grade 5 Specifications and Standards
The applicable material specification depends on the product form and intended application.
Commonly referenced standards include:
| Standard | General scope |
|---|---|
| ASTM B348 / B348M | Titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets |
| ASTM B265 | Titanium and titanium alloy strip, sheet and plate |
| ASTM B381 | Titanium and titanium alloy forgings |
| AMS 4928 | Ti-6Al-4V bars, forgings and forging stock in annealed condition |
| AMS 4965 | Ti-6Al-4V bars and forgings in solution-treated and aged condition |
| AMS 4967 | Ti-6Al-4V bars and forgings, annealed and heat treatable |
This is a reference list, not a statement that every product form is available or certified to every specification.
The exact revision, grade, condition and product requirements must be stated in the purchase order.
For official standards information, visit ASTM International.
For manufacturer-specific technical data, refer to ATI Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5.
Important Procurement Checks for Titanium Grade 5
Before purchasing Titanium Grade 5, buyers should verify more than the alloy designation.
1. Confirm the grade
Specify Titanium Grade 5 / Ti-6Al-4V / UNS R56400.
Do not confuse it with Grade 23 ELI, which is a separate designation with extra-low interstitial requirements.
2. Mention the product form
Clearly state whether the requirement is for round bar, billet, plate, sheet or forging.
3. Specify the material condition
Mention annealed or solution-treated and aged as required by the project.
4. Confirm mechanical requirements
State the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and other relevant properties.
5. Request the Material Test Certificate
Check the certificate for:
- Chemical composition
- Heat or lot number
- Tensile-test results
- Material condition
- Product specification
- Required inspection information
6. Confirm additional testing
Where required, specify dimensional inspection, hardness testing, microstructural examination, PMI or other inspection requirements.
7. Verify dimensions and tolerances
Mention diameter, length, tolerance and surface condition for round-bar enquiries.
Titanium Grade 5 Material Enquiries at Manan Steel & Metals
Manan Steel & Metals supplies specialty metals and stainless steel products for industrial and engineering requirements.
For Titanium Grade 5 enquiries, buyers can share their required product form, dimensions, quantity, material condition and applicable specification for review.
Enquiries may include:
- Titanium Grade 5 round bars
- Ti-6Al-4V / UNS R56400
- Titanium Grade 5 for machined components
- Titanium Grade 5 for industrial and engineering applications
The required dimensions, material condition, documentation and availability should be confirmed against the specific enquiry.
Explore our round bar supplier page and stainless steel round bar page.
For preliminary dimensional and weight calculations, refer to our round bar weight chart.
Request a Titanium Grade 5 Quotation
Looking for Titanium Grade 5 round bars or other Ti-6Al-4V products for an industrial or engineering requirement?
Share the following details with Manan Steel & Metals:
- Grade: Titanium Grade 5 / Ti-6Al-4V / UNS R56400
- Product form
- Required dimensions
- Quantity
- Applicable ASTM or AMS specification
- Material condition
- Required mechanical properties
- MTC and inspection requirements
- Delivery location
Manan Steel & Metals
Website: https://manansteel.com/
Email: sales@manansteel.com
Phone: +91 98198 76962
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the chemical composition of Titanium Grade 5?
Titanium Grade 5 contains 5.50–6.75% aluminium and 3.50–4.50% vanadium, with titanium as the balance. Other elements are controlled within the limits of the applicable specification.
2. What is the tensile strength of Titanium Grade 5?
A commonly referenced minimum tensile strength for annealed bar is 895 MPa. Actual requirements depend on the applicable specification, product dimensions and condition.
3. What is the yield strength of Ti-6Al-4V?
A commonly referenced minimum 0.2% yield strength for annealed bar is approximately 828 MPa. Verify the required value against the exact product specification.
4. Can Titanium Grade 5 be heat treated?
Yes. Ti-6Al-4V can be supplied in annealed and solution-treated and aged conditions. The heat-treatment procedure depends on the required properties, product form and applicable specification.
5. What is the typical annealing temperature for Titanium Grade 5?
ATI lists a typical annealing range of approximately 691–760°C for its Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The approved treatment must be selected according to the material specification and manufacturer recommendations.
6. What is the difference between annealed and aged Titanium Grade 5?
Annealed material has properties developed through annealing. Solution-treated and aged material undergoes additional thermal processing to achieve a different strength and microstructure. The exact properties depend on the treatment and section size.
7. Is Titanium Grade 5 the same as Grade 23?
No. Grade 5 is UNS R56400, while Grade 23 is UNS R56407 and has extra-low interstitial requirements. They are separate material designations.
8. Which standard covers Titanium Grade 5 round bars?
ASTM B348/B348M covers titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets, including Grade 5 UNS R56400. AMS 4928 is another commonly referenced specification for Ti-6Al-4V bars and forgings in annealed condition.
9. What documents should buyers request for Titanium Grade 5?
Buyers should confirm the required Material Test Certificate, chemical composition, mechanical test results, heat identification and compliance with the specified material standard.
For Titanium Grade 5 material enquiries, contact Manan Steel & Metals at sales@manansteel.com or +91 98198 76962.
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