Monel 400 Technical Properties, Chemical Composition, UNS N04400 & ASTM B164
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Table of Contents
- Introduction to Monel 400 Technical Properties
- Monel 400 International Designations
- Monel 400 Chemical Composition
- Physical Properties of Monel 400
- Monel 400 Mechanical Properties
- Corrosion Resistance of Monel 400
- Temperature and Thermal Characteristics
- Monel 400 Round Bar and ASTM B164
- Monel 400 Material Selection Considerations
- Monel 400 Applications
- Why Buy Monel 400 from Manan Steel & Metals?
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Request a Monel 400 Quotation
Introduction to Monel 400 Technical Properties
Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy widely specified for industrial components where corrosion resistance, strength and toughness are required.
For international procurement, the alloy is identified primarily as UNS N04400. It is also associated with Werkstoff 2.4360 and 2.4361.
Understanding the technical properties of Monel 400 is important before selecting it for a shaft, valve, pump component, fastener, heat-exchanger component or other engineered part.
Special Metals describes MONEL alloy 400 as a solid-solution nickel-copper alloy with high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and resistance to many corrosive environments.
For buyers, the important point is that Monel 400 should be specified according to the required product form, standard, dimensions and material condition, rather than simply ordering “nickel alloy.”
Monel 400 International Designations
Monel 400 can appear under different names in international purchasing documents.
| Identification | Monel 400 Designation |
|---|---|
| Commercial Name | MONEL® Alloy 400 |
| Common Name | Monel 400 |
| Alloy Name | Alloy 400 |
| UNS | N04400 |
| Werkstoff | 2.4360 / 2.4361 |
| Alloy Family | Nickel-Copper Alloy |
| Common Product | Monel 400 Round Bar |
Special Metals’ technical documentation identifies MONEL Alloy 400 as UNS N04400 / W.Nr. 2.4360 and 2.4361.
This is particularly useful when receiving enquiries from customers using different international designation systems.
Monel 400 Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of Monel 400 is based primarily on nickel and copper.
According to Special Metals, the limiting composition includes the following values:
| Element | Monel 400 Composition |
|---|---|
| Nickel + Cobalt | 63.0% minimum |
| Copper | 28.0–34.0% |
| Iron | 2.5% maximum |
| Manganese | 2.0% maximum |
| Carbon | 0.30% maximum |
| Silicon | 0.50% maximum |
| Sulfur | 0.024% maximum |
The high nickel content combined with copper is fundamental to the alloy’s corrosion-resistant characteristics.
However, a buyer should not use a generic chemistry table as a substitute for the applicable material certificate. For a commercial purchase, the required standard and actual heat/lot documentation should be checked.
Monel 400 Physical Properties
Understanding the physical characteristics of Monel 400 helps engineers assess its suitability for components and equipment.
Special Metals reports the following physical constants for MONEL alloy 400:
| Physical Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ |
| Density | 0.318 lb/in³ |
| Melting Range | 1300–1350°C |
| Specific Heat | 427 J/kg·°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.8 W/m·°C |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.547 µΩ·m |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 13.9 µm/m·°C |
These values are useful for preliminary engineering calculations, but the applicable material specification and design conditions should always take precedence.
Monel 400 Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties depend on the material condition, product form, processing history and applicable specification.
For annealed MONEL alloy 400, Special Metals gives typical values of:
| Mechanical Property | Typical Annealed Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 550 MPa |
| Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset | 240 MPa |
| Elongation | 40% |
These values illustrate the balance of strength and ductility available in the annealed condition.
Why Material Condition Matters
Monel 400 is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened by cold working.
Consequently, two Monel 400 products with the same chemical designation may have different mechanical properties depending on their supplied condition.
When requesting a quotation, buyers should therefore mention the required condition whenever the engineering specification calls for one.
Corrosion Resistance of Monel 400
One of the primary reasons industries specify Monel 400 is its resistance to a range of corrosive environments.
Special Metals identifies applications involving:
- Seawater
- Hydrofluoric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Alkalies
- Chemical-processing environments
- Hydrocarbon-processing environments
The alloy is particularly established in marine engineering because of its resistance to corrosion from rapidly flowing seawater.
However, corrosion performance is always environment-specific.
Factors such as:
- Temperature
- Chemical concentration
- Flow velocity
- Aeration
- Impurities
- Stress
- Exposure time
can affect actual service performance.
Therefore, the correct alloy should be selected against the real operating environment rather than simply choosing Monel 400 because it is generally described as “corrosion resistant.”
Temperature and Thermal Characteristics
Monel 400 maintains useful mechanical properties over a broad temperature range and has a reported melting range of approximately 1300–1350°C.
Its thermal conductivity is approximately 21.8 W/m·°C, while its density is approximately 8.80 g/cm³.
These characteristics can be relevant when Monel 400 is being considered for:
- Heat-exchanger components
- Process equipment
- Valves
- Pumps
- Marine equipment
- Chemical-processing components
Actual design temperature limits should be established from the applicable engineering code, product specification and service conditions.
Monel 400 Round Bar and ASTM B164
For industrial machining applications, Monel 400 Round Bar is a commonly specified product form.
The current ASTM B164-26 specification covers nickel-copper alloys UNS N04400 and UNS N04405 in hot-worked and cold-worked rod and bar forms, as well as cold-worked wire.
ASTM B164 also specifies requirements relating to chemical composition and mechanical properties, with testing requirements including chemical analysis, tension, hardness and wrapping tests according to the standard.
For buyers, this means an enquiry can be made more precise by stating:
Monel 400 / UNS N04400 / ASTM B164 / Round Bar
along with the required diameter, length, quantity and material condition.
You can refer to the official ASTM B164-26 specification for the current standard scope.
Important Monel 400 Buying Specifications
When purchasing Monel 400 Round Bar, several details should be clarified.
Material Identification
Specify:
Monel 400 / UNS N04400
Product Form
Specify whether the requirement is:
- Round bar
- Rod
- Flat bar
- Hex bar
- Forging stock
- Other required form
Dimensions
Provide:
- Diameter
- Length
- Quantity
- Dimensional tolerance
Material Standard
Where applicable, state the required ASTM, ASME, AMS, DIN, EN or project specification.
Material Condition
If the engineering application requires a specific condition, clearly state it in the enquiry.
Inspection and Documentation
Depending on the project, the buyer may require:
- Material Test Certificate
- Chemical analysis
- Mechanical test results
- Hardness results
- Dimensional inspection
- Third-party inspection
- Other project-specific documentation
This information helps the supplier prepare a technically accurate quotation.
Monel 400 Applications
The technical properties of Monel 400 support its use across several industrial sectors.
Special Metals identifies applications including valves, pumps, pump and propeller shafts, marine fixtures, fasteners, chemical-processing equipment, petroleum-processing equipment, process vessels, piping and heat exchangers.
Marine Engineering
Monel 400 is used in marine applications where resistance to seawater corrosion is important. Special Metals specifically lists MONEL alloy 400 among its marine-engineering alloys.
Chemical Processing
The alloy is also used in chemical-processing equipment where its corrosion characteristics are suitable for the process environment. Special Metals lists MONEL alloy 400 among alloys used in chemical processing.
Pumps and Valves
The combination of mechanical performance and corrosion resistance makes Monel 400 relevant for selected pump and valve components.
Shafts and Fasteners
Monel 400 can also be used for pump shafts, propeller shafts, marine fixtures and fasteners.
Why Buy Monel 400 from Manan Steel & Metals?
For industrial procurement, the supplier should understand both the material designation and the customer’s dimensional requirement.
Manan Steel & Metals supplies specialty metals and lists Monel 400 among its product offerings.
For customers searching for a Monel 400 supplier in India, the enquiry can include:
Monel 400 / UNS N04400
Round Bar
Required Diameter
Required Length
Quantity
ASTM B164 or Project Specification
MTC Requirement
Visit the Manan Steel & Metals Monel 400 Round Bar page for product information.
You can also visit the Manan Steel & Metals website for the broader specialty-metal range.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the UNS number of Monel 400?
The UNS designation for Monel 400 is N04400.
What is the Werkstoff number of Monel 400?
Monel 400 is identified by Special Metals as W.Nr. 2.4360 and 2.4361.
What is the chemical composition of Monel 400?
Monel 400 contains a minimum of 63% nickel plus cobalt and approximately 28–34% copper, with controlled amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, silicon and sulfur.
What is the density of Monel 400?
The reported density of Monel 400 is approximately 8.80 g/cm³.
Is Monel 400 covered by ASTM B164?
Yes. The current ASTM B164-26 covers UNS N04400 and N04405 nickel-copper alloys in specified rod, bar and wire forms.
Can Monel 400 be cold worked?
Yes. Monel 400 is a solid-solution alloy that can be strengthened through cold working.
Where is Monel 400 commonly used?
Applications include marine equipment, pumps, valves, shafts, fasteners, chemical-processing equipment, petroleum-processing equipment and heat exchangers.
Get a Monel 400 Round Bar Quotation
Need Monel 400 Round Bar in India?
Send your complete requirement to Manan Steel & Metals for availability and quotation.
Material: Monel 400
UNS: N04400
Product: Round Bar
Specification: ASTM B164 / Project Specification
Diameter: ______
Length: ______
Quantity: ______
Condition: ______
Testing: ______
MTC: Required / Not Required
Manan Steel & Metals
Shop No. 2, Hira Building,
97 Khetwadi Main Road (Nanubhai Desai Road),
Girgaon, Mumbai – 400004, Maharashtra, India
Phone: 7977369869
Email: manansteel@gmail.com
Website: https://www.manansteel.com/
Send your Monel 400 requirement today for product availability and quotation.